Watershed Maps
- Declare aoi, extent & projection
- Download hydro data
- Download DEM
- Render 3D map
- Save output
1. AOI’s & projection
crs_master <- sf::st_crs("epsg:4326")
aoi_site = sf::read_sf("./assets/inputs/chilwa_watershed_4326.shp") |>
st_cast() |> st_transform(crs_master)
aoi_country <- giscoR::gisco_get_countries(country = "Malawi", resolution = "3") |>
st_cast() |>
st_transform(crs_master)
# Interactive map mode: "view"
tmap::tmap_mode("view")
tmap::tm_shape(aoi_country) +
tmap::tm_borders(lwd = 1, col = "green") +
tmap::tm_shape(aoi_site) +
tmap::tm_borders(lwd = 2, col = "red")Figure 1: Interactive map showing area of interest polygons (AOI)
2. Download hydro data
#url_rivers <- "https://data.hydrosheds.org/file/HydroRIVERS/HydroRIVERS_v10_shp.zip"
#url_lakes <- "https://data.hydrosheds.org/file/hydrolakes/HydroLAKES_polys_v10_shp.zip"
#url_watersheds <- "https://data.hydrosheds.org/file/hydrobasins/customized_with_lakes/hybas_lake_af_lev01-12_v1c.zip"
# download.file(url = url, path = getwd(), destfile = file_name)
rivers = terra::vect("./assets/inputs/hydro/HydroRIVERS_v10.shp")
lakes = terra::vect("./assets/inputs/hydro/HydroLAKES_polys_v10.shp")
watershed= terra::vect("./assets/inputs/hydro/hybas_lake_af_lev04_v1c.shp")
rivers_country = terra::crop(rivers, aoi_country) |>
sf::st_as_sf() |> sf::st_cast() |> sf::st_transform(crs_master)
rivers_site = terra::crop(rivers, aoi_site) |>
sf::st_as_sf() |> sf::st_cast() |> sf::st_transform(crs_master)
lakes_country = terra::crop(lakes, aoi_country) |>
sf::st_as_sf() |> sf::st_cast() |> sf::st_transform(crs_master)
lakes_site = terra::crop(lakes, aoi_site) |>
sf::st_as_sf() |> sf::st_cast() |> sf::st_transform(crs_master)
watershed_country = terra::crop(watershed, aoi_country) |>
sf::st_as_sf() |> sf::st_cast() |> sf::st_transform(crs_master)
watershed_site = terra::crop(watershed, aoi_site) |>
sf::st_as_sf() |> sf::st_cast() |> sf::st_transform(crs_master)
#rivers_country = sf::st_intersection(rivers, aoi_country)
#rivers_site = sf::st_intersection(rivers, aoi_site)
#lakes_country = sf::st_intersection(lakes, aoi_country)
#lakes_site = sf::st_intersection(lakes, aoi_site)
#watershed_country = sf::st_intersection(watershed, aoi_country)
#watershed_site = sf::st_intersection(watershed, aoi_site)
# reproject if NAs outputed, caution of long processing time
# watersheds <- terra::project(watersheds, crs(aoi_site))
# save extracted layers for faster runtime
sf::st_write(rivers_country, "./assets/inputs/rivers_country.shp")
sf::st_write(rivers_site, "./assets/inputs/rivers_site.shp")
sf::st_write(lakes_country, "./assets/inputs/lakes_country.shp")
sf::st_write(lakes_site, "./assets/inputs/lakes_site.shp")
sf::st_write(watershed_country, "./assets/inputs/watershed_country.shp")
sf::st_write(watershed_site, "./assets/inputs/watershed_site.shp")
tmap::tm_shape(rivers_site) + tm_lines(col = "steelblue") +
tmap::tm_shape(lakes_site) + tm_fill ("steelblue") +
tmap::tm_shape(watershed_site) + tm_borders(col = "red", lwd=1)Reading layer `rivers_country' from data source
`/Users/seamus/repos/map-templates/assets/inputs/rivers_country.shp'
using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
Simple feature collection with 5800 features and 15 fields
Geometry type: MULTILINESTRING
Dimension: XY
Bounding box: xmin: 32.71667 ymin: -17.1271 xmax: 35.92458 ymax: -9.415806
Geodetic CRS: WGS 84Reading layer `rivers_site' from data source
`/Users/seamus/repos/map-templates/assets/inputs/rivers_site.shp'
using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
Simple feature collection with 554 features and 14 fields
Geometry type: MULTILINESTRING
Dimension: XY
Bounding box: xmin: 35.09583 ymin: -15.9089 xmax: 36.29583 ymax: -14.775
Geodetic CRS: WGS 84Reading layer `lakes_country' from data source
`/Users/seamus/repos/map-templates/assets/inputs/lakes_country.shp'
using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
Simple feature collection with 62 features and 22 fields
Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
Dimension: XY
Bounding box: xmin: 33.13668 ymin: -16.90819 xmax: 35.88525 ymax: -9.494105
Geodetic CRS: WGS 84Reading layer `lakes_site' from data source
`/Users/seamus/repos/map-templates/assets/inputs/lakes_site.shp'
using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
Simple feature collection with 3 features and 22 fields
Geometry type: POLYGON
Dimension: XY
Bounding box: xmin: 35.11973 ymin: -15.74431 xmax: 35.85482 ymax: -15.04945
Geodetic CRS: WGS 84Reading layer `watershed_site' from data source
`/Users/seamus/repos/map-templates/assets/inputs/watershed_site.shp'
using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
Simple feature collection with 1 feature and 16 fields
Geometry type: POLYGON
Dimension: XY
Bounding box: xmin: 35.09583 ymin: -15.9089 xmax: 36.29583 ymax: -14.775
Geodetic CRS: WGS 84Figure 2: Interactive map showing extracted hydrographic layers
3. Download DEM
dem_site = elevatr::get_elev_raster(
locations = watershed_site,
z = 10, clip = "locations")
dem_site = dem_site |>
terra::rast() |>
terra::project(crs(watershed_site))
names(dem_site)[1] <- "Elevation (m asl)"
tmap::tm_shape(dem_site) + tmap::tm_raster(palette = "Greens") +
tmap::tm_shape(rivers_site) + tm_lines(col = "steelblue") +
tmap::tm_shape(lakes_site) + tm_fill ("steelblue") +
tmap::tm_shape(watershed_site) + tm_borders(col = "red", lwd=1)
Figure 3: Interactive map showing digital elevation model and hydrographic layers.
4. Build 3D map
rivers_strahler = rivers_site |>
dplyr::mutate(
width = as.numeric(
ORD_FLOW
),
width = dplyr::case_when(
width == 3 ~ 16,
width == 4 ~ 14,
width == 5 ~ 12,
width == 6 ~ 10,
width == 7 ~ 6,
TRUE ~ 0
)
) |>
sf::st_as_sf() |>
sf::st_transform(crs = "epsg:4326")
h <- nrow(dem_site)
w <- ncol(dem_site)
dem_matrix = rayshader::raster_to_matrix(dem_site)
dem_matrix |>
rayshader:: height_shade() |>
rayshader::add_overlay(
rayshader::generate_line_overlay(
geometry = rivers_strahler,
extent = dem_site,
heightmap = dem_matrix,
color = "#387B9C",
linewidth = rivers_strahler$width,
data_column_width = "width"
), alphalayer = 1
) |>
rayshader::add_overlay(
rayshader::generate_line_overlay(
geometry = lakes_site,
extent = dem_site,
heightmap = dem_matrix,
color = "#387B9C"
), alphalayer = 1
) |>
rayshader::plot_3d(
dem_matrix,
zscale = 14,
solid = T,
shadow = T,
shadow_darkness = 2,
background = "white",
windowsize = c(600, 600),
zoom = 0.6,
phi = 40,
theta = 0
)5. Render 3D map
rayshader::render_highquality(
preview = T,
light = F,
lightdirection = c(135, 45),
lightcolor = c("white"),
lightaltitude = 25,
ambient_light = 0.1,
rotate_env = 0.4,
intensity_env = 0.85,
interactive = F,
parallel = T,
width = w,
height = h,
backgroundhigh="#FFFFFF",
backgroundlow="#FFFFFF"
)
devtools::session_info()─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
setting value
version R version 4.3.0 (2023-04-21)
os macOS 15.6.1
system aarch64, darwin20
ui X11
language (EN)
collate en_US.UTF-8
ctype en_US.UTF-8
tz America/Vancouver
date 2025-09-13
pandoc 3.6.1 @ /usr/local/bin/ (via rmarkdown)
quarto 1.7.33 @ /usr/local/bin/quarto
─ Packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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RcppParallel * 5.1.11-1 2025-08-27 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.0)
RCurl 1.98-1.17 2025-03-22 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
Rdpack 2.6.4 2025-04-09 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
reactable * 0.4.4 2023-03-12 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.0)
readr * 2.1.5 2024-01-10 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.1)
recipes 1.3.1 2025-05-21 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
relliptical 1.3.0 2024-02-07 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.1)
remotes 2.5.0 2024-03-17 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
reshape2 1.4.4 2020-04-09 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.0)
rex 1.2.1 2021-11-26 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
rgl * 1.3.24 2025-06-25 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
rlang 1.1.6 2025-04-11 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
rmarkdown 2.29 2024-11-04 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
rpart 4.1.24 2025-01-07 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
rsconnect * 1.5.1 2025-08-28 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.0)
RSpectra 0.16-2 2024-07-18 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
rstatix 0.7.2 2023-02-01 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.0)
RStoolbox * 1.0.2.1 2025-02-03 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
rstudioapi 0.17.1 2024-10-22 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
rts * 1.1-14 2023-10-01 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
Rttf2pt1 1.3.12 2023-01-22 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
Ryacas0 0.4.4 2023-01-12 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
s2 * 1.1.9 2025-05-23 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
S7 0.2.0 2024-11-07 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
sandwich 3.1-1 2024-09-15 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
sass 0.4.10 2025-04-11 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
satellite 1.0.6 2025-08-21 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.0)
scales * 1.4.0 2025-04-24 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
sessioninfo 1.2.3 2025-02-05 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
settings 0.2.7 2021-05-07 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
sf * 1.0-22 2025-08-25 [1] Github (r-spatial/sf@3660edf)
shiny 1.11.1 2025-07-03 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
shinyjs 2.1.0 2021-12-23 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.0)
shinyWidgets 0.9.0 2025-02-21 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
sits * 1.5.3 2025-07-23 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.0)
slippymath 0.3.1 2019-06-28 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.0)
sp * 2.2-0 2025-02-01 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
spacesXYZ 1.6-0 2025-06-06 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
spData * 2.3.4 2025-01-08 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
spdep * 1.4-1 2025-08-31 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.0)
stars * 0.6-8 2025-02-01 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
StempCens 1.2.0 2025-06-11 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
stringi 1.8.7 2025-03-27 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
stringr * 1.5.2 2025-09-08 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.0)
supercells * 1.0.0 2024-02-11 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.1)
survival 3.8-3 2024-12-17 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
svglite 2.2.1 2025-05-12 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
systemfonts 1.2.3 2025-04-30 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
tensorA 0.36.2.1 2023-12-13 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
terra * 1.8-60 2025-07-21 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.0)
terrainr * 0.7.6 2025-07-25 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.0)
testthat * 3.2.3 2025-01-13 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
textshaping 1.0.3 2025-09-02 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.0)
tibble * 3.3.0 2025-06-08 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
tidyr * 1.3.1 2024-01-24 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.1)
tidyselect 1.2.1 2024-03-11 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.1)
tidyterra * 0.7.2 2025-04-14 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
tidyverse * 2.0.0 2023-02-22 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.0)
timechange 0.3.0 2024-01-18 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
timeDate 4041.110 2024-09-22 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
tlrmvnmvt 1.1.2 2022-06-09 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
tmap * 4.1 2025-05-12 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
tmaptools * 3.2 2025-01-13 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
tmvtnorm 1.6 2023-12-05 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
torch 0.16.0 2025-08-21 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.0)
tzdb 0.5.0 2025-03-15 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
unifir 0.2.4 2024-02-01 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
units 0.8-7 2025-03-11 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
urlchecker 1.0.1 2021-11-30 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
usethis 3.2.0 2025-08-28 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.0)
uuid 1.2-1 2024-07-29 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
vctrs 0.6.5 2023-12-01 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
viridis 0.6.5 2024-01-29 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.1)
viridisLite 0.4.2 2023-05-02 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
visNetwork 2.1.2 2022-09-29 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.0)
withr 3.0.2 2024-10-28 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
wk 0.9.4 2024-10-11 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
xfun 0.53 2025-08-19 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.0)
xgboost * 1.7.11.1 2025-05-15 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
XML 3.99-0.18 2025-01-01 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
xml2 1.4.0 2025-08-20 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.0)
xtable 1.8-4 2019-04-21 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
xts * 0.14.1 2024-10-15 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
yaml 2.3.10 2024-07-26 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
yulab.utils 0.2.1 2025-08-19 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.0)
zeallot 0.2.0 2025-05-27 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
zip 2.3.3 2025-05-13 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
zoo * 1.8-14 2025-04-10 [1] CRAN (R 4.3.3)
[1] /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.3-arm64/Resources/library
* ── Packages attached to the search path.
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